Nowadays, clean rooms have been widely used in various industries such as electronics, biopharmaceuticals, and precision instrument manufacturing. Due to the huge advantages of clean rooms in terms of temperature, relative humidity and cleanliness, its importance has been increasingly recognized by people. Recognize and accept. How to prevent the occurrence of fire accidents in the clean room, let's talk about how to do a good job in the fire protection design of the clean room.
One, the basic characteristics of the clean room
The clean room refers to the workshop that has special purification requirements for the building in the production process. Its basic characteristics are: 1. Mostly it is reinforced concrete structure, and the factory building is divided into several small rooms; 2. It is often in a closed state with few windows and doors; 3. The equipment in the factory is expensive, afraid of high temperature and avoiding water; 4. Inside the factory The staff is small, which is not conducive to the detection of the fire and the treatment of the initial fire; 5. The internal structure is complicated and the passage is tortuous.
Second, the fire characteristics of the clean room
1. The flue gas heat accumulates and spreads in many ways.
The clean room is generally airtight, with few airtight clean room doors and windows. When a fire occurs, the heat of the flue gas is not easy to escape, resulting in the retention of flue gas and a sharp increase in heat. In addition, the ventilation pipes, electrical wiring bushings, and technical interlayers in the factory are in collusion with each other. It is easy to cause the smoke and hot air flow to spread quickly to other rooms.
2. It is difficult for personnel to escape.
Due to technological requirements, the clean room has complicated internal partitions, narrow passageways, few safety exits, and long depth distances. It is easy to lose direction after a fire occurs. In addition to the small number of staff, the initial fire disaster is discovered in time, and it is difficult to get out of the fire when it strikes. .
3. The smoke is very toxic.
Some high-molecular synthetic materials are used in interior decoration. These materials will generate a lot of dense smoke and toxic gas when they burn, which poses a great threat to personnel escape and firefighting.
4. The loss is large.
There are often a lot of extremely sophisticated and expensive equipment in the clean room, and the construction investment is large. Once a fire occurs, the economic loss will be huge.
Third, the basic principles to be grasped in the fire protection design of clean room buildings
According to the characteristics of the clean room and its fire characteristics, in order to ensure the safety of people's lives and property, minimize the loss of fire, and facilitate the evacuation and rescue of personnel, we should follow the following principles in the fire protection design of buildings.
1. Fire resistance rating and fire compartment
From many clean room fire examples, it is not difficult to find that it is necessary to strictly control the fire resistance level of the building. The fire resistance level of the factory building is set as one or two during the design, so that the fire resistance performance of the building components is comparable to that of the Class A and B production plants. Adaptation, thereby greatly reducing the possibility of fire.
2. Safe evacuation
In view of the characteristics of the clean room itself, we should fully consider the requirements for safe evacuation of personnel in our design, comprehensively analyze factors such as evacuation flow, evacuation routes, evacuation distance, etc., through scientific calculations, select the best evacuation route, and reasonably arrange safe exits and evacuation. The passage establishes a safe evacuation structure system to satisfy the purification route from the production site to the safe exit without tortuous. In addition, since most clean rooms are in a closed state and natural lighting conditions are poor, fire accident lighting and emergency evacuation lighting must be installed in the factory building, and obvious evacuation signs should be set at the corners of safety exits, evacuation openings and evacuation passages for personnel to recognize Clear the direction and quickly evacuate the scene of the accident.
3. Heating, ventilation and smoke prevention
Clean rooms are usually equipped with ventilation and air conditioning systems. The purpose is to ensure the air cleanliness of the clean rooms in the clean room, but at the same time it also brings a potential fire hazard. If the ventilation and air conditioning system is not properly fired, it will cause fireworks. Through the ventilation and air-conditioning pipe network, it spread everywhere, causing the fire to expand. Therefore, when designing, we must reasonably install fire dampers in appropriate parts of the ventilation and air-conditioning pipe network according to the specifications, and select the pipe network materials according to the requirements, and do a good job of fire prevention and blockage of the pipe network through the wall and the floor to prevent the fire from following. The ventilation and air-conditioning system is spreading.
4. Fire fighting facilities
The clean room is equipped with fire-fighting water supply, fire-extinguishing equipment and automatic fire alarm system in accordance with the requirements of the specification, mainly for the timely detection of fires and the elimination of fire accidents in the initial stage. For the clean room because it has a technical interlayer and a lower interlayer for the return air space, we should consider it when arranging the alarm probe, which is more conducive to timely detection of fire. At the same time, for clean rooms with a large number of sophisticated and valuable equipment, we can also introduce an early warning air sampling alarm system such as VESDA, which alarms 3 to 4 hours earlier than conventional alarms, which greatly improves the fire detection ability and achieves timely detection. , Fast processing, reducing fire losses to the minimum requirements.
5. Renovation project
In the clean room decoration, we must pay attention to the combustion performance of the decoration materials, and minimize the use of some polymer synthetic materials to avoid a large amount of smoke when a fire occurs, which is not conducive to personnel escape. In addition, strict requirements should be imposed on the piercing of electrical circuits, and steel pipes should be used where possible to ensure that electrical circuits do not become a way for fire to spread.
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